Bitcoin, Kryptowährungen, Blockchain – all diese Begriffe tauchen seit Jahren immer wieder in den Medien auf. Doch was ist Bitcoin eigentlich? Wir erklären es Ihnen. Einfach und verständlich.
Das erfahren Sie in diesem Artikel:
Bitcoin: Bestimmt haben Sie davon in den letzten Jahren schon einmal gehört oder gelesen. Vielleicht besitzen Sie ja auch selbst schon Bitcoins oder kennen jemanden in Ihrem Umfeld, der mit Kryptowährungen handelt.
Dann geht es Ihnen wie den meisten Menschen: Umfragen zufolge haben rund 90 Prozent der Deutschen mittlerweile von dem digitalen Geld Bitcoin gehört.
Weltweit, so schätzen Forscher der Universität Cambridge, gibt es bereits rund 100 Millionen Bitcoin-Nutzer, Tendenz weiter steigend.
Eigentlich dürfte es Bitcoin gar nicht geben
Doch warum interessieren sich überhaupt so viele Leute für Bitcoin? Denn glaubt man den Meinungen vieler etablierten Finanz-Experten der vergangenen Jahre, dann dürfte es dieses neuartige Internetgeld eigentlich gar nicht geben. Bricht es doch mit zu viel von dem, was wir bisher über Geld zu wissen meinen.
Jedes Mal, wenn der Bitcoin-Kurs spektakulär abgestürzt ist, wurde das Projekt daher auch von Politikern, Investoren, Ökonomen und in vielen Medien lautstark für tot erklärt.
Lesen Sie dazu auch: ►Wie entsteht der Preis für Bitcoins?
Doch Totgesagte leben bekanntlich länger und im Falle von Bitcoin gilt das wohl ganz besonders. Denn auch wenn der Bitcoin-Kurs kurzzeitig immer wieder schwankt und dabei durchaus extrem nach oben und unten ausschlägt, so ist die Kryptowährung insgesamt über die Jahre hinweg sehr beständig gewachsen.
Mit minimalem Einsatz zum Millionär
War ein Bitcoin Ende 2010 noch weniger als einen US-Dollar wert, so kostet ein Bitcoin jetzt, rund zehn Jahre später (Anfang 2021) bereits mehr als 31.000 US-Dollar. Das entspricht einem unfassbaren Kurszuwachs von mehr als drei Millionen Prozent.
Kein Wunder also, dass in den vergangenen Jahren auch immer wieder von glücklichen Bitcoin-Millionären zu hören war, die mit minimalem Einsatz unfassbar reich geworden sind.
Wo ist der Haken?
Doch sollten diese Zahlen auch skeptisch werden lassen. Drei Millionen Prozent Gewinn? Das klingt doch viel zu schön, um wahr zu sein und kann nicht mit rechten Dingen zugehen. Wo also ist der Haken?
Und tatsächlich gibt es auch bei Bitcoin einen. Denn auf der einen Seite ist es zwar leicht an Bitcoins zu kommen. Sie können sie online bei spezialisierten Börsen und Marktplätzen kaufen, von Person zu Person und sogar an über 11.000 Automaten in mehr als 70 Ländern. Doch noch sehr viel leichter als an Bitcoins zu kommen, ist es, sie wieder zu verlieren.
100 Millionen Euro auf dem Müll
Zu trauriger Berühmtheit kam zum Beispiel der Brite James Howells, der 2013 versehentlich die Festplatte wegwarf, auf der er seine ►Bitcoin-Wallet mit den Schlüsseln zu 7.500 Bitcoins gespeichert hatte. Ein teurer und ärgerlicher Verlust war das schon damals, der mit dem weiter steigenden Kurs jedoch immer schmerzhafter wird. Heute sind diese Bitcoins immerhin rund 200 Millionen Euro wert (Stand: Januar 2021).
Es überrascht daher auch nicht, dass James Howells zwischenzeitlich sogar die gesamte Müllkippe seiner Heimatstadt nach der Festplatte durchsuchen lassen wollte. Mittlerweile hat er das Kapitel jedoch abgeschlossen und sich mit dem Verlust arrangiert.
Und damit ist er nicht allein: Schätzungen gehen davon aus, dass mittlerweile rund vier Millionen Bitcoins auf die eine oder andere Art verloren gegangen sein könnten. Das ist eine erschreckend große Menge. Die maximale Anzahl aller Bitcoins ist schließlich auf 21 Millionen beschränkt.
Der Schlüssel zum unsichtbaren Tresor
Doch sind Bitcoins wie die von James Howells genau genommen gar nicht verloren. Schaut man in die Blockchain, das digitale Kassenbuch, über das das Bitcoin-Netzwerk sämtliche Zahlungen und Transaktionen mit dem digitalen Geld dokumentiert und absichert, so sind seine Bitcoins und die aller anderen darin immer noch zu finden.
Bitcoins existieren schließlich nicht auf Festplatten, sondern nur im Internet. Und das Netz vergisst bekanntlich nichts. Doch lassen sich diese Bitcoins ohne die zugehörigen digitalen Schlüssel eben nicht mehr ausgeben.
Man kann sich das wie einen großen transparenten Tresor vorstellen. Wir können zwar sehen, dass das Geld darin liegt. Ohne den passenden Schlüssel kommen wir jedoch nicht daran.
Auch nicht mit Gewalt. Denn der Tresor besteht aus Mathematik und akzeptiert einzig und allein die eine richtige Lösung. Kennt man diese nicht, kann man nur raten. Doch stehen die Chancen dafür unvorstellbar schlecht: Selbst wenn Sie seit Beginn des Universums in jeder Sekunde einhundert Mal geraten hätten, so hätten Sie dennoch bis heute nur einen minimalen Bruchteil der möglichen Antworten ausprobiert und würden den Tresor wohl auch in einer weiteren Billion Jahren nicht aufbekommen.
Bitcoin: eine Währung frei von politischer Einflussnahme
Das ist die Besonderheit der Kryptographie, auf deren Einsatz nicht nur die Bezeichnung Kryptowährung zurückgeht, sondern die Bitcoin an vielen Stellen sicher und besonders macht.
Denn anstatt wie bisherige Währungen durch Notenbanken, Staaten und Finanzinstitutionen abgesichert zu werden, ist Bitcoin das erste Geld der Menschheit, das auf den unumstößlichen Prinzipien von Mathematik und Physik basiert. Damit eignet es sich nicht nur besonders gut für den Einsatz im Digitalen, sondern ist gleichzeitig auch noch frei von politischer Einflussnahme und Instrumentalisierung. Das ist im Übrigen auch einer der Gründe, warum so viele Leute weltweit auf Bitcoin vertrauen.
Als neuestes Kapitel in der jahrtausendealten Geschichte des Geldes ist das digitale Geld damit eine konsequente Weiterentwicklung. So wie die digitale Revolution insgesamt kein vorübergehendes Phänomen ist, gilt das auch für die Digitalisierung des Geldes. Es wäre daher falsch anzunehmen, Bitcoin sei nur eine vorübergehende Mode-Erscheinung und werde von allein wieder verschwinden. Das Gegenteil ist der Fall. Bitcoin wächst und etabliert sich immer weiter. Denn in einer zunehmend digitalisierten Gesellschaft ist auch ein echtes digitales Geld letztlich unausweichlich.
Umso wichtiger ist es daher, dass wir uns gut mit diesem Phänomen auseinandersetzen und es verstehen. Jeder für sich, aber auch gemeinsam als Gesellschaft. Denn noch ist Bitcoin ein sehr junges Phänomen und wir sind gerade dabei zu lernen, welches Potenzial, welche Chancen und welche Risiken diese neue Form von Geld mit sich bringt.
Genau das macht jedoch auch den Reiz aus. Weil Bitcoin noch so neu ist, gibt es viele Möglichkeiten, um daran teilzunehmen und das digitale Geld aktiv mitzugestalten. Man muss einfach nur anfangen. Wie das geht, erfahren Sie auf unserer Website. Hier finden Sie alle Informationen, die Sie brauchen, um über Bitcoin Bescheid zu wissen und damit zu handeln.
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